4G Technology
1G
- Based on Analog Telecommunication Standards
- Started in 1980s in Europe & USA
- Used Analog Radio signals.
- Range : 2,9 KBps to 5,6 KBps
- First ever (cordless) phone to work on 1G network was Motorola DynaTAC 8000x
2G
- Started in 1991 in Finland
- Based on GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Technology.
- Used Digital Radio signals and SIM (Subcriber Identity Module) card.
- Range : 15 KBps to 40 KBps
- Global System for Telecommunication (originally it was called Groupe Special Mobile).
- Concurrent development started in USA and Europe in the 1980'signals.
- Developed by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) in the early 1990'signals
- GSM Services
- Voice Calls
- Short Messages Service (SMS)
* In 1985 GSM allowed messages of at most 160 characters to be sent between handsets.
* Only in USA over 6 billion SMSs are sent everyday.
- General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
* Provided IP-based packet data transmission.
* Allowed users to "simultaneously" make calls and send data.
* Provided "always on" internet access and the Multimedia Message Service (MMS).
3G
- Based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
- UMTS is an upgrade from GPRS with much more bandwidth.
- Range of 3G(UMTS):
- 144kB/s 384kB/s in rural.
- 384kB/s to 27MB/s in urban.
- 3G Services
- Mobile TV.
- Video Conferencing.
- Global Positioning System (GPS).
4G
- Latest and Fastest Generation of mobile phone communication.
- Based on same 3G Technology with improvements named as LTE.
- First used in 2009 in Sweden.
- Range: 100MB/s to 1GB/s.
- 4G LTE
- LTE stands for Long Term Evolution.
- Next Generation mobile broadband technology.
- Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps.
- Based on UMTS 3G technology.
- Optimized for All-IP traffic.
- Advantages of 4G-LTE
For Networks Operators
* High network throughput
* Low latency
* Plug and Play architecture
* Low Operationg Costs
* All-IP network
* Simplified upgrade path from 3G Networks
For End Users
* Faster data downloads / uploads
* Improved resonse for applications
* Improved end-user experience
Context : Evolved telephony technologies + Improved network bandwidth = Whole world at our fingertips