Teknologi 4G

4G Technology

1G
- Based on Analog Telecommunication Standards
- Started in 1980s in Europe & USA

- Used Analog Radio signals.
- Range : 2,9 KBps to 5,6 KBps

- First ever (cordless) phone to work on 1G network was Motorola DynaTAC 8000x

2G
- Started in 1991 in Finland
- Based on GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Technology.
- Used Digital Radio signals and SIM (Subcriber Identity Module) card.
- Range : 15 KBps to 40 KBps

- Global System for Telecommunication (originally it was called Groupe Special Mobile).
 - Concurrent development started in USA and Europe in the 1980'signals.
 - Developed by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) in the early 1990'signals

 - GSM Services
  - Voice Calls
  - Short Messages Service (SMS)
   * In 1985 GSM allowed messages of at most 160 characters to be sent between handsets.
   * Only in USA over 6 billion SMSs are sent everyday.

  - General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
   * Provided IP-based packet data transmission.
   * Allowed users to "simultaneously" make calls and send data.
   * Provided "always on" internet access and the Multimedia Message Service (MMS).

3G
- Based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
- UMTS is an upgrade from GPRS with much more bandwidth.
- Range of 3G(UMTS):
  - 144kB/s 384kB/s  in rural.
  - 384kB/s to 27MB/s  in urban.



 
- 3G Services
  - Mobile TV.
  - Video Conferencing.
  - Global Positioning System (GPS).

4G
- Latest and Fastest Generation of mobile phone communication.
- Based on same 3G Technology with improvements named as LTE.
- First used in 2009 in Sweden.
- Range: 100MB/s  to  1GB/s.

- 4G LTE
  - LTE stands for Long Term Evolution.
  - Next Generation mobile broadband technology.
  - Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps.
  - Based on UMTS 3G technology.
  - Optimized for All-IP traffic.
 
  - Advantages of 4G-LTE
    For Networks Operators
    * High network throughput
    * Low latency
    * Plug and Play architecture
    * Low Operationg Costs
    * All-IP network
    * Simplified upgrade path from 3G Networks
   
    For End Users
    * Faster data downloads / uploads
    * Improved resonse for applications
    * Improved end-user experience

Context : Evolved telephony technologies + Improved network bandwidth = Whole world at our fingertips

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Sejarah Telekomunikasi

Sejarah Telekomunikasi.

Timeline History of Telecommunication.

Distance telecommunications

Visual, auditory and ancillary methods (non-electrical):

    Prehistoric: Fires, Beacons, Smoke signals, Communication drums, Horns
    6th century BCE: Mail
    5th century BCE: Pigeon post
    4th century BCE: Hydraulic semaphores
    15th century CE: Maritime flag semaphores
    1672: First experimental acoustic (mechanical) telephone
    1790: Semaphore lines (optical telegraphs)
    1867: Signal lamps
    1877: Acoustic phonograph


Basic electrical signals:

    1838: Electrical telegraph. See: Telegraph history
    1858: First trans-Atlantic telegraph cable
    1876: Telephone. See: Invention of the telephone, History of the telephone, Timeline of the telephone
    1880: Telephony via lightbeam photophones


Advanced electrical and electronic signals:

    1893: Wireless telegraphy
    1896: Radio. See: History of radio.
    1914: First North American transcontinental telephone calling
    1927: Television. See: History of television
    1927: First commercial radio-telephone service, U.K.–U.S.
    1930: First experimental videophones
    1934: First commercial radio-telephone service, U.S.–Japan
    1936: World's first public videophone network
    1946: Limited capacity Mobile Telephone Service for automobiles
    1956: Transatlantic telephone cable
    1962: Commercial telecommunications satellite
    1964: Fiber optical telecommunications
    1965: First North American public videophone network
    1969: Computer networking
    1973: First modern-era mobile (cellular) phone
    1979: INMARSAT ship-to-shore satellite communications
    1981: First mobile (cellular) phone network
    1982: SMTP email
    1983: Internet. See: History of Internet
    1998: Mobile satellite hand-held phones
    2003: VoIP Internet Telephony
    2013: Google Glass

Source : wikipedia

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